Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) is a rapid, non-contact geophysical method that maps variations in subsurface electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility. By measuring secondary electromagnetic fields induced in the ground, it identifies conductive, resistive, or magnetically contrasting features. EMI supports multi-depth investigations of archaeological remains, geological variations, palaeochannels, and sediment changes across terrestrial and shallow-water environments.
These currents produce a secondary field detected by a receiver coil. The in-phase and quadrature components of the measured response provide information on magnetic properties and soil conductivity, supporting the identification of conductive, resistive, or magnetically contrasting bodies. EMI instruments can investigate multiple depths through different coil spacings, orientations, and operating frequencies. Because no direct contact with the ground is required, surveys can be conducted rapidly across land or shallow-water environments. EMI is particularly useful for detecting archaeological remains, geological variations, palaeochannels, and changes in sediment composition.