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The National Gallery holds a large archive of documentation from technical examination and conservation of its world-class collection of western European paintings. This includes many iconic works, ranging in date from 1200 to around 1900.
Platforms:
Archlab
Techniques:
Archival research techniqueArchival techniqueDocumentary source analysis
OCT provides cross-sectional images called B-scans by analogy to ultrasonography, up to about 15 mm in width and showing structures up to about 1.5 mm in depth from the surface, on condition that the structure is at least partially transparent to the probing light (near IR).
Systematic long-term measurements for evaluating time degradation (QGIS, BIM/HBIM); High-resolution 3d models; Mapping of archaeological sites; Interactive online/offline 3D models, artistic 2D/3D renders, online/offline virtual tours, 3D prints.
Platforms:
Molab
Tools:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Techniques:
Uav photogrammetry and aerial multispectral modelsUav-lidar
Organization
National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics
Studying the stratigraphy in paintings and composite objects by applying a micrometrical resolution to measure thickness layers and to evaluate detachments and micro-fractures. NMR profilometry is applied to perform in situ analysis on mural paintings, easel paintings, wood and cellulose based manufacts, polymers, and lapideous materials.
Platforms:
Molab
Tools:
Portable NMR profiler
Techniques:
Nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) relaxometry
Organization
National Research Council, Institute of Heritage Science
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) or laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) is a spectroscopic method in which an atom or molecule is excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of laser light followed by spontaneous emission of light.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy that uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. The plasma formation only begins when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material. In principle, LIBS uses optical emission spectrometry and is to this extent very similar to arc/spark emission spectroscopy.
NLOM is based on the excitation of the non-linear optical response that any material can generate upon excitation with laser pulses of very short duration, in the range of femtoseconds. The NLOM system makes possible, throughout the combined use of the different modalities (Multiphoton Excitation Fluorescence, Second and Third Harmonic Generation), to acquire information, in a totally non-invasive way, on the presence of layers of different chemical nature, their thickness or their crystalline or hierarchical internal organization (i.e. parchment, starch glues, etc.). Lateral and axial resolutions are in the micrometre range and the penetration depth can reach up to 1 mm, depending on the sample transparency. The technique can be applied to substrates that are transparent in the IR region, such as varnishes, painting layers, corrosion layers on metal substrates, parchments and others.
The laser removal of unwanted layers constituted by materials of diverse origin (organic and inorganic), assembled in mixtures (e.g., thick pollution, burial accumulations) or in layers (e.g., multiple protective, metallic, dirt and/or overpaint layers) on weathered, even fragile, original surfaces. The laser action is based on the process of ablation or vaporization and it offers unique possibilities in surface cleaning as it entails precise control, material selectivity and immediate feedback. These attributes are particularly important in Heritage conservation and within the last twenty years, lasers have evolved as exceptionally practical, and at the same time, delicate cleaning tools. This FIXLAB possesses a variety of pulsed laser sources emitting in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral ranges with pulse duration in the nanosecond and femtosecond regimes. Laser cleaning investigations are carried out in the installation on a large variety of heritage materials, including varnished paintings, polychromes on wood or stone, heritage stone with pollution and/or biodegradation crusts, metal substrates with corrosion layers, paper and parchment-based documents and other materials. Studies aim at determining the most adequate laser parameters and the most convenient methodologies (choice of laser wavelength, dual irradiation schemes, etc.) for a safe laser cleaning treatment according with material properties and state of conservation.
Platforms:
Fixlab
Tools:
Pulsed laser irradiation for cleaning applications
High-resolution IR imaging is used mostly to reveal preparatory drawings and/or alterations in paintings on canvas. To some limits it may be used for identification of pigments. It can also be used to differentiate iron galling from carbon-based inks.
The RCE has developed many studies of cultural heritage objects and artworks, including paintings by Van Gogh, Rembrandt, Mondrian and many others. The research department currently has a strong focus on modern materials and objects, from 1870 till present. Typical objects and materials which were investigated are paintings, historic interiors, textiles, furniture, metals, glass, ceramics, leather, plastics, pigments, binding media, varnish, resin, paper, books, inks all from periods varying from pre-historic up to today. In addition, access is allowed to a large collection of reference materials of over 10.000 materials including all of the materials mentioned above.