Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy that uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. The plasma formation only begins when the focused laser achieves a certain threshold for optical breakdown, which generally depends on the environment and the target material. In principle, LIBS uses optical emission spectrometry and is to this extent very similar to arc/spark emission spectroscopy.
LIBS allows the characterization of the elemental composition of different materials and identification of their stratigraphies.