resistivity monitoring

4-D ERT is time-lapse 2-D / 3-D resistivity imaging used to monitor how subsurface electrical properties change over time. Repeated ERT surveys are collected using the same electrode arrangement and measurement parameters, producing successive volumetric resistivity models. Differences between these models reveal temporal changes associated with soil moisture, groundwater movement, salinity, temperature, leakage, erosion, or material deterioration.

Electrical resistivity tomography (ert)

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