Reflectance in the visible range is defined as the proportion of visible light (typically wavelengths from about 400 to 700 nanometers) that is reflected off the surface of a material. When visible light strikes an object, some of it is absorbed, some transmitted (if the material is translucent or transparent), and the rest is reflected. The reflectance spectrum, defined as the proportion of light reflected at various wavelengths, can offer comprehensive insights into the colour, composition, surface texture and condition of a material.
Reflectance spectroscopy is an ideal analytical technique for delicate or valuable items due to the non-invasive and non-contact nature of the method. Such items include, but are not limited to, artworks, manuscripts and historical artefacts.